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Conference Presentation

An Action-Based Approach to the Conversation of 1 Samuel 28:8–23

Tyler J. Patty, PhD student in Hebrew Bible at the University of Cambridge and Senior Tutor and Lecturer at Moorlands Central and Eastern Europe

Tyler J. Patty, M.A., SFHEA

PhD Student in Hebrew Bible

Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge

Senior Tutor and Lecturer

Moorlands Central and Eastern Europe

Czech Republic / United Kingdom

Presentation Date & Time

7 November 2026

10:00 CET (Serbia time)

Conference

New Discoveries and New Directions in Biblical, Hebrew, and Theological Studies

European Hebrew Journal International Scholarly Online Zoom Conference

Format

Live online via Zoom

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Abstract

Exegetical approaches to conversation in the Hebrew Bible have often prioritised the information-content of individual utterances, leading to interpretations that are built on key words or concepts in the speeches. This paper proposes an alternative action-based approach, drawn from linguists Levinson and Schegloff, which analyses the pragmatic function of conversational turns in relation to one another.

The interaction between Saul, the medium of Endor, and the spirit of Samuel in 1 Samuel 28:8–23 is given as a case study. In this I propose a solution to the question regarding Saul's culpability which leads to his death. Based on the predominance of Request and Blame sequences in this text, and by comparison to 1 Samuel 15, I argue that Saul is rejected not primarily because of divination, but for his stubbornness and inability to recognise his personal deficiencies.

Keywords

Biblical Hebrew Hebrew Bible Old Testament 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 28 Saul Medium of Endor Samuel Conversation Analysis Biblical Hebrew Linguistics Hebrew Linguistics Pragmatics Discourse Analysis Conversation Speech Acts Request Sequences Blame Sequences Narrative Analysis Biblical Exegesis Classical Hebrew

What Is Conversation Analysis in Biblical Hebrew?

Conversation analysis is an approach to the study of spoken interaction that examines how individual turns in a conversation function in relation to the turns that come before and after them. Rather than treating an utterance simply as a container of information, conversation analysis asks what action the speaker is performing: requesting, answering, blaming, refusing, accepting, correcting, challenging, or carrying out another interactional function.

When applied to Biblical Hebrew narrative, this approach can illuminate how dialogue is structured within a biblical scene. The sequence and relationship of conversational turns may contribute to characterization, narrative development, interpersonal conflict, and interpretation.

Tyler J. Patty's research applies conversation-analytic approaches to Classical Biblical Hebrew narrative. His presentation focuses on the encounter between Saul, the medium of Endor, and Samuel in 1 Samuel 28:8–23. By examining Request and Blame sequences and comparing the interaction with 1 Samuel 15, the paper investigates how the structure of the conversation contributes to the narrative presentation of Saul's culpability.

Academic Profile

Tyler J. Patty is a PhD student in Hebrew Bible at the Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge. His doctoral research investigates interaction in Biblical Hebrew narrative through a conversation-analytic approach.

His research interests include Hebrew narrative, Hebrew linguistics, conversation analysis, philosophy of language, Old Testament / Hebrew Bible studies, pragmatics, and the linguistic analysis of Classical Hebrew conversation.

At Cambridge, his doctoral supervisor is Professor Nathan MacDonald. Patty began his doctoral studies in 2021.

Alongside his doctoral work, Tyler Patty serves as Senior Tutor and Lecturer at Moorlands Central and Eastern Europe. He teaches Bible and theology and is involved in theological education in Central and Eastern Europe.

He is a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (SFHEA) and is a member of the Society of Biblical Literature and the European Association of Biblical Studies.

Doctoral Research

University of Cambridge

Faculty of Divinity

PhD research area: Hebrew Bible / Old Testament

Doctoral research title:

Interaction in Biblical Hebrew Narrative: A Conversation-Analytic Approach

Research focus:

The linguistics of Classical Hebrew conversation as represented in Hebrew Bible narrative, with particular attention to interaction, conversational sequencing, pragmatics, and the interpretation of Biblical Hebrew discourse.

Current supervisor:

Professor Nathan MacDonald

Doctoral study:

2021–present

Education and Academic Qualifications

2021–present

University of Cambridge

PhD research in Theology / Hebrew Bible

Faculty of Divinity

Doctoral research: Interaction in Biblical Hebrew Narrative: A Conversation-Analytic Approach

Current supervisor: Professor Nathan MacDonald

2016

Trinity International University

M.A., Old Testament and Semitic Languages

Master's thesis: Curse and the Power of Blessing: A Linguistic Study of Genesis 1–11

2013

Moody Bible Institute

B.A., Youth Ministry and Biblical Studies

Academic and Professional Positions

2025–present

Senior Tutor and Lecturer

Moorlands Central and Eastern Europe

Teaching includes Bible and Practical Theology.

2019–2025

Lecturer in Bible and Theology

ForMission College

2018–present

Higher Education work

Josiah Venture, Central and Eastern Europe

His work involves theological education and research initiatives in Central and Eastern Europe.

Teaching and Supervision

Tyler Patty has taught biblical studies, Bible, theology, Old Testament, and related areas in theological higher education.

His teaching experience includes courses in:

  • Introduction to the Old and New Testaments
  • Reading and Interpreting the Old Testament
  • Reading and Interpreting the New Testament
  • Intermediate Biblical Studies
  • Christian Theology
  • Scripture from a Missional Perspective
  • Mission History of the Church in Europe

He has also supervised undergraduate dissertations in biblical studies and practical theology.

Research Expertise

  • Hebrew Bible
  • Old Testament
  • Biblical Hebrew
  • Classical Hebrew
  • Hebrew Linguistics
  • Hebrew Narrative
  • Conversation Analysis
  • Pragmatics
  • Discourse Analysis
  • Philosophy of Language
  • Biblical Exegesis
  • 1 Samuel
  • Genesis
  • Old Testament Theology
  • Biblical Theology
  • Speech and Interaction in Biblical Narrative
  • Conversation Structure
  • Speech Acts
  • Narrative Interpretation
  • Semitic Languages

Selected Publications

Patty, Tyler J.

"Did God Curse Humanity? A Pragmatic Re-examination of Genesis 3:14–19."

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

50.1 (2025): 24–42.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892251332433

Patty, Tyler J., and Sean Smith.

"Missional Rest: A Fusion Point Between Being and Doing."

Transformation

42.1 (2024).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0265378824127540

Patty, Tyler J.

"Mission and Youth in Central and Eastern Europe After 30 Years."

Missional Focus

2.1 (2023): 25–28.

Direct public source: https://formission.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Mission-and-youth-in-Central-and-Eastern-Europe.pdf

Patty, Tyler J.

Review of Re-Enchanting the Text: Discovering the Bible as Sacred, Dangerous, and Mysterious, by Cheryl Bridges Johns.

Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

67.1 (2024): 149–150.

Patty, Tyler J.

"Řád stvoření: Použití Genesis 1–3 v Pavlových tvrzeních o ženách."

Theologia Vitae

2026.

Selected Academic Presentations

2026

"An Action-Based Approach to Speech in 1 Samuel 28."

Moorlands College Research Seminar.

2024

"An Action-Based Approach to Speech in 1 & 2 Samuel."

Miqra Old Testament / Hebrew Bible Society, University of Cambridge.

2022

"Linguistics of Conversation in Hebrew Narrative."

Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge.

2021

"Did YHWH Really Curse…? An Investigation into the Speech-Acts of Genesis 3."

ForMission College Research Colloquium.

Professional Memberships and Qualifications

Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (SFHEA)
Society of Biblical Literature
European Association of Biblical Studies

Academic Profiles and Verified Sources

Official University of Cambridge Faculty of Divinity Profile

University of Cambridge — Tyler J. Patty

University of Cambridge Old Testament Specialists Directory

Cambridge Faculty of Divinity — Old Testament Specialists

Official Moorlands College Staff Page

Moorlands College — Our People

Academia.edu Academic Profile

Tyler J. Patty — Academia.edu

Josiah Venture Professional Profile

Tyler Patty — Josiah Venture

Conference Participation

Tyler J. Patty presents at the European Hebrew Journal International Scholarly Online Conference 2026 on 7 November 2026 at 10:00 CET (Serbia time) with the presentation "An Action-Based Approach to the Conversation of 1 Samuel 28:8–23."

The presentation examines conversation in Biblical Hebrew narrative through an action-based and conversation-analytic approach, focusing on Saul, the medium of Endor, and Samuel in 1 Samuel 28:8–23.

Suggested Citation

Patty, Tyler J. "An Action-Based Approach to the Conversation of 1 Samuel 28:8–23." Presentation at New Discoveries and New Directions in Biblical, Hebrew, and Theological Studies, European Hebrew Journal International Scholarly Online Conference, 7 November 2026.

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